Richard J. Bonnie

  • Harrison Foundation Professor of Medicine and Law
  • Professor of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences
  • Director, Institute of Law, Psychiatry and Public Policy
  • Professor of Public Policy, Frank Batten School of Leadership and Public Policy

Richard J. Bonnie is Harrison Foundation Professor of Medicine and Law and director of the Institute of Law, Psychiatry and Public Policy at the University of Virginia. He has co-authored leading textbooks on criminal law and public health law and has devoted special attention during his career to public policies relating to mental health and substance abuse. His first book, “The Marijuana Conviction: A History of Marijuana Prohibition in the United States” (1974) was republished in 1999 as a “drug policy classic.”

Bonnie has been involved in public service throughout his career.  Among other positions, he has been associate director of the National Commission on Marihuana and Drug Abuse (1971‑73) and secretary of the first National Advisory Council on Drug Abuse (1976‑80). He recently chaired a Commission on Mental Health Law Reform at the request of the chief justice of Virginia (2006-11) and is currently chairing an Expert Advisory Panel on Mental Health Reform for the Virginia General Assembly.

Bonnie was elected to the National Academy of Medicine in 1991 and has chaired more than a dozen studies for the National Academies on subjects ranging from elder mistreatment to underage drinking, including the landmark report, “Ending the Tobacco Problem: A Blueprint for the Nation” (2007). In 2017, he chaired a study on policies needed to address the opioid epidemic in the United States and is now chairing a study on using knowledge about adolescent development to advance the well-being of all adolescents regardless of social background.

Bonnie has ­served as an adviser to the American Psychiatric Association since 1979, received the APA’s Isaac Ray Award in 1998 for contributions to forensic psychiatry and special presidential commendations in 2003 and 2016 for service to American psychiatry. He has also served on three MacArthur Foundation research networks, including, most recently, Law and Neuroscience. He is also a consultant to the American Academy of Neurology’s Committee on Ethics, Law and Humanities.

Bonnie received the University of Virginia’s highest honor, the Thomas Jefferson Award, in 2007.

Full Publications List

Education

  • LL.B.
    University of Virginia School of Law
    1969
  • B.A.
    Johns Hopkins University
    1966

Forthcoming

Severe Mental Illness and the Death Penalty: A Menu of Legislative Options, Journal of Civil Rights and Social Justice (2023).

Books

The Promise of Adolescence: Realizing Opportunity for All Youth (edited with Emily P. Backes), National Academies Press (2019).
Pain Management and the Opioid Epidemic: Balancing Societal and Individual Benefits and Risks of Prescription Opioid Use (edited with Morgan A. Ford, Jonathan K. Phillips & Margaret Foster Riley), National Academies Press (2017).
Essentials of Public Health Ethics (with Ruth Gaare Bernheim, James F. Childress & Alan L. Melnick), Jones & Bartlett (2015).
Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age of Legal Access to Tobacco Products (edited with Leslie Y. Kwan & Kathleen Stratton), National Academies Press (2015).
Public Health Law, Ethics, and Policy: Cases and Materials (with Ruth Gaare Bernheim), Foundation Press (2015).
Investing in the Health and Well Being of Young Adults (edited with Heather Breiner & Clare Stroud), National Academies Press (2014).
Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach (edited with Betty M. Chemers, Robert L. Johnson & Julia A. Schuck), National Research Council (2013).
Law Touched Our Hearts: A Generation Remembers Brown v. Board of Education (edited with Mildred W. Robinson), Vanderbilt University Press (2009).
Ending the Tobacco Problem: A Blueprint for the Nation (edited with Kathleen Stratton & Robert B. Wallace), National Academies Press (2007).
Reducing Underage Drinking: A Collective Responsibility (edited with Mary Ellen O’Connell), National Academies Press (2004).
Elder Mistreatment: Abuse, Neglect, and Exploitation in an Aging America (edited with Robert B. Wallace), National Academy Press (2003).
Adjudicative Competence: The MacArthur Studies (with Steven K. Hoge et al.), Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers (2002).
The Evolution of Mental Health Law (edited with Lynda E. Frost), American Psychological Association (2001).
Reducing the Burden of Injury: Advancing Prevention and Treatment (edited with Carolyn E. Fulco & Catharyn T. Liverman), National Academy Press (1999).
The Marijuana Conviction: The History of Marijuana Prohibition in the United States (with Charles H. Whitebread), Lindesmith Center (Reprint ed. 1999).
Mental Disorder, Work Disability, and the Law (edited with John T. Monahan), University of Chicago Press (1997).
Growing up Tobacco Free: Preventing Nicotine Addiction in Children and Youths (edited with Barbara S. Lynch), National Academy Press (1994).
The Effects of Alcoholic-Beverage Control Laws (with M. D. Greenberg & S. M. Matlins), Medicine in the Public Interest (1979).
Legal Aspects of Drug Dependence (edited with Michael R. Sonnenreich), CRC Press (1975).
The Marihuana Conviction: A History of Marihuana Prohibition in the United States (with Charles H. Whitebread), University Press of Virginia (1974).

Textbooks

Public Health Law, Ethics, and Policy: Cases and Materials (with Ruth Gaare Bernheim & Dayna Bowen Matthew), Foundation Press (2 ed. 2021).
A Case Study in the Insanity Defense: The Trial of John W. Hinckley, Jr. (with John C. Jeffries Jr. & Peter W. Low), Foundation Press (1–4 ed. 1986–2021).
Criminal Law (with Anne M. Coughlin, John C. Jeffries Jr. & Peter W. Low), Foundation Press (4 ed. 2015).
Criminal Law (with Anne M. Coughlin, John C. Jeffries Jr. & Peter W. Low), Foundation Press (3 ed. 2010).
Criminal Law (with Anne M. Coughlin, John C. Jeffries Jr. & Peter W. Low), Foundation Press (2 ed. 2004).
Criminal Law (with Anne M. Coughlin, John C. Jeffries Jr. & Peter W. Low), Foundation Press (1 ed. 1997).
Criminal Law: Cases and Materials (with John C. Jeffries Jr. & Peter W. Low), Foundation Press (2 ed. 1986).
Criminal Law: Cases and Materials (with John C. Jeffries Jr. & Peter W. Low), Foundation Press (1 ed. 1982).

Book Chapters

Ethics in Mental Health Care: A Public Health Perspective (with Heather Zelle), in The Oxford Handbook of Public Health Ethics, Oxford University Press, 205–218 (2019).
Fitness for Criminal Adjudication: The Emerging Significance of Decisional Competence in the United States, in Fitness to Plead: International and Comparative Perspectives, Oxford University Press, 175–205 (2018).
Foreword, in Oxford Textbook of Correctional Psychiatry, Oxford University Press, xi-xii (2015).
What I Learned When Massive Resistance Closed My School, in Law Touched Our Hearts: A Generation Remembers Brown v. Board of Education, Vanderbilt University Press, 135–142 (2009).
Ethics and the Practice of Public Health (with Ruth Gaaer Bernheim & Phillip Nieburg), in Law in Public Health Practice, Oxford University Press, 110–135 (2 ed. 2007).
In the Wake of Hendricks: The Treatment and Restraint of Sexually Dangerous Offenders Viewed from the Perspective of American Psychiatry (with Steven K. Hoge & Howard Zonana), in Protecting Society from Sexually Dangerous Offenders: Law, Justice, and Therapy, American Psychological Association, 131–145 (2003).
Ethics and the Practice of Public Health (with Ruth Gaare Bernheim & Phillip Nieburg), in Law in Public Health Practice, Oxford University Press, 43–62 (2002).
The Evolution of Mental Health Law: A Retrospective Assessment, in The Evolution of Mental Health Law: A Retrospective Assessment, American Psychological Association, 309–314 (2001).
Three Strands of Mental Health Law: Developmental Milestones, in The Evolution of Mental Health Law, American Psychological Association, 31–54 (2001).
Tobacco and Public Health Policy: A Youth-Centered Approach, in Smoking: Risk, Perception, and Policy, Sage Publications, 277–300 (2001).
Adjudicative Competence and Youthful Offenders (with Thomas Grisso), in Youth on Trial: A Developmental Perspective on Juvenile Justice, University of Chicago Press, 73–103 (2000).
Juvenile Justice on Appeal (with Lynda E. Frost), in The Changing Borders of Juvenile Justice: Transfer of Adolescents to the Criminal Court, University of Chicago Press, 181–206 (2000).
Epilogue (with John T. Monahan), in Mental Disorder, Work Disability, and the Law, University of Chicago Press, 299–301 (1997).
Work Disability and the Fabric of Mental Health Law: An Introduction, in Mental Disorder, Work Disability, and the Law, University of Chicago Press, 1–10 (1997).
When Push Comes to Shove: Aggressive Community Treatment and the Law  (with Jessica Wilen Berg), in Coercion and Aggressive Community Treatment: A New Frontier in Mental Health Law, Plenum Press, 169–196 (1996).
Controlled Substances Act of 1970, in Encyclopedia of Drugs and Alcohol, Macmillan Reference USA, 319–320 (1995).
Legal Regulation of Drugs and Alcohol, in Encyclopedia of Drugs and Alcohol, Macmillan Reference USA, 636–639 (1995).
National Commission on Marihuana and Drug Abuse, in Encyclopedia of Drugs and Alcohol, Macmillan Reference USA, 709–710 (1995).
Paraphernalia, Laws Against, in Encyclopedia of Drugs and Alcohol, Macmillan Reference USA, 781–782 (1995).
Drug Regulation, in Encyclopedia of the American Constitution: Supplement I, Macmillan, 157–158 (1992).
Juvenile Homicide: A Study in Legal Ambivalence, in Juvenile Homicide, American Psychiatric Association Press (1989).
The Psychiatric Patient’s Right to Refuse Medication: A Survey of the Legal Issues, in Refusing Treatment in Mental Health Institutions: Values in Conflict, Aupha Press, 19–30 (1982).
Toward an Integrated Drug Abuse Prevention Policy: The Impact of Legal Restrictions and Controls, in Current Issues in Drug Abuse Prevention, National Institute on Drug Abuse (1982).
Regulation of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drugs: The Agenda for Law Reform, in Problems of Drug Dependence 1980, National Institute on Drug Abuse, 272–286 (1981).
Discouraging Unhealthy Personal Choices Through Government Regulation: Some Thoughts about the Minimum Drinking Age, in Minimum-Drinking-Age Laws: An Evaluation, Lexington Books, 39–58 (1980).
A Guide to Policy Decisionmaking, in Marijuana: A Study of State Penalties and Policies, The Center, 53–106 (1977).
Law and the Discouragement of Unhealthy Personal Choices, in Summary Proceedings: Tripartite Conference on Prevention, US Government Printing Office, 38–46 (1977).
Marijuana: A Policymaking Framework, in Marijuana: A Study of State Penalties and Policies, The Center, 13–22 (1977).
The Legal Dimension, in Marijuana: A Study of State Penalties and Policies, The Center, 83–135 (1977).
Regulation of Human Experimentation: A Reappraisal of Informed Consent (with P. Browning Hoffman), in Human Experimentation, SMU Press, 52–79 (1976).
Proposed Uniform Drug Dependence Treatment and Rehabilitation Act and Commentary (with Michael R. Sonnenreich), in Drug Use in America: Problem in Perspective, The Final Report of the National Commission on Marihuana and Drug Abuse, US Government Print Office, 826–856 (1973).
Securing Police Compliance with Constitutional Limitations: The Exclusionary Rule and Other Devices (with Monrad G. Paulsen & Charles H. Whitebread), in Law and Order Reconsidered: Report of the Task Force on Law and Law Enforcement, US Government Print Office, 365–409 (1969).

Articles & Reviews

Consent Issues in the Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke (with Justin A. Sattin et al.), 98 Neurology 73–79 (2022).
Expedited Diversion of Criminal Defendants to Court-Ordered Treatment (with Steven K. Hoge), 49 Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law 517–525 (2021).
Ethical Considerations in Dementia Diagnosis and Care: AAN Position Statement (with Winston Chiong et al.), 97 Neurology 80–89 (2021).
Commentary: Fulfilling the Promise of Adolescence: Realizing Opportunity for All Youth (with Margarita Alegria et al.), 65 Journal of Adolescent Health 440–442 (2019).
Pain Management and Opioid Regulation: Continuing Public Health Challenges (with J. David Clark, Aaron S. Kesselheim & Mark A. Schumacher), 109 American Journal of Public Health 31–34 (2019).
APA Resource Document on Risk-Based Gun Removal Laws (with Elissa Benedek et al.), 37 Developments in Mental Health Law 6–16 (2018).
Extreme Risk Protection Orders - Effective Tools for Keeping Guns out of Dangerous Hands (with Jeffrey W. Swanson), 37 Developments in Mental Health Law 2–6 (2018).
An Interdisciplinary Response to Contemporary Concerns about Brain Death Determination (with James L. Bernat et al.), 90 Neurology 423–426 (2018).
Combined Effects of Peer Presence, Social Cues, and Rewards on Cognitive Control in Adolescents (with et al), 60 Developmental Psychobiology 292–302 (2018).
Decoding Guilty Minds: How Jurors Attribute Knowledge and Guilt  (with Matthew R. Ginther et al.), 71 Vanderbilt Law Review 241–283 (2018).
Do Patient Characteristics Moderate the Effect of Extended-Release Naltrexonebonnbon (XR-NTX) for Opioid Use Disorder? (with Tamara Y. Boney et al.), 61 Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 61–65 (2018).
Lawful Physician-Hastened Death: AAN Position Statement (with Robin A. Conwit et al.), 90 Neurology 420–422 (2018).
Assessing Informed Consent in an Opioid Relapse Prevention Study with Adults under Current or Recent Criminal Justice Supervision (with Ashleigh A. Allen et al.), 81 Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 66–72 (2017).
At Risk of Being Risky: The Relationship Between “Brain Age” under Emotional States and Risk Preference  (with Kaitlyn Breiner et al.), 24 Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience 93–106 (2017).
Both Urgency and Balance Needed in Addressing Opioid Epidemic: A Report from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine (with J. David Clark & Aaron S. Kesselheim), 318 Journal of the American Medical Association 423–424 (2017).
Implementation and Effectiveness of Connecticut’s Risk-Based Gun Removal Law: Does it Prevent Suicides? (with Kelly Alanis-Hirsch et al.), 80 Law & Contemporary Problems 179–208 (2017).
Predicting the Knowledge-Recklessness Distinction in the Human Brain (with Woo-Young Ahn et al.), 114 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 3222–3227 (2017).
Parsing the Behavioral and Brain Mechanisms of Third-Party Punishment (with Matthew R. Ginther et al.), 36 Journal of Neuroscience 9420–9434 (2016).
Seeing Through the Smoke (with Bill Godshall), Issues in Science and Technology 19–21 (2016).
Extended Release Naltrexone to Prevent Opioid Relapse in Criminal Justice Offenders (with Tamara Y. Boney et al.), 374 New England Journal of Medicine 1232–1242 (2016).
The Surprising Collapse of Marijuana Prohibition: What Now?, 50 UC Davis Law Review 573–593 (2016).
When Does a Juvenile Become an Adult? Implications for Law and Policy (with B.J. Casey, Alexandra O. Cohen & Kim A. Taylor-Thompson), 88 Temple Law Review 769–788 (2016).
When Is an Adolescent an Adult? Assessing Cognitive Control in Emotional and Nonemotional Contexts (with Kaitlyn Breiner et al.), 27 Psychological Science 549–562 (2016).
Young Adulthood as a Transitional Legal Category: Science, Social Change, and Justice Policy (with Elizabeth S. Scott & Laurence Steinberg), 85 Fordham Law Review 641–666 (2016).
Advance Directives for Mental Health Care: Innovation in Law, Policy, and Practice (with Kathleen Kemp & Heather Zelle), 66 Psychiatric Services 7 (2015).
Embedding Advance Directives in Routine Care for Persons With Serious Mental Illness: Implementation Challenges (with Kathleen Kemp & Heather Zelle), 66 Psychiatric Services 10–14 (2015).
Resource Document on Access to Firearms by People with Mental Disorders (with Paul S. Appelbaum et al.), 33 Behavioral Sciences & the Law 186–194 (2015).
The Evolving Position of the American Psychiatric Association on Firearm Policy (1993-2014) (with Paul S. Appelbaum & Debra A. Pinals), 33 Behavioral Sciences & the Law 178–185 (2015).
The Language of Mens Rea (with Matthew R. Ginther et al.), 67 Vanderbilt Law Review 1327–1372 (2014).
Using Research Evidence to Reframe the Policy Debate around Mental Illness and Guns: Process and Recommendations (with Paul S. Appelbaum et al.), 104 American Journal of Public Health e22-e26 (2014).
A Survey of Stakeholder Knowledge, Experience, and Opinions of Advance Directives for Mental Health in Virginia (with Laura McLaughlin et al.), 40 Administration & Policy in Mental Health & Mental Health Services Research 232–239 (2013).
Abolition of the Insanity Defense Violates Due Process (with Stephen J. Morse), 41 Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law 488–495 (2013).
Decisions to Initiate Involuntary Commitment: The Role of Intensive Community Services and Other Factors (with MaGuadalupe Leon-Verdin, Elizabeth Lloyd McGarvey & Tanya Nicole Wanchek), 64 Psychiatric Services 120–126 (2013).
The Teenage Brain: Adolescent Brain Research and the Law (with Elizabeth S. Scott), 22 Current Directions in Psychological Science 158–161 (2013).
Voting by Senior Citizens in Long Term Care Facilities (with Paul Freedman & Thomas M. Guterbock), 12 Election Law Journal 293–304 (2013).
Personalized Disclosure by Information on Demand: Attending to Patients’ Needs in the Informed Consent Process (with Paul S. Appelbaum & Gil Siegal), 40 Journal of Law, Medicine, & Ethics 359–367 (2012).
Use of Longer Periods of Temporary Detention to Reduce Mental Health Civil Commitments (with Tanya Nicole Wanchek), 63 Psychiatric Services 643–648 (2012).
Key Findings from the Virginia College Mental Health Survey, Developments in Mental Health Law 7–10 (2011).
Interventions by Virginia’s Colleges to Respond to Student Mental Health Crises (with Susan M. Davis, Christopher Flynn & John T. Monahan), 62 Psychiatric Services 1439–1442 (2011).
The Effect of Community Mental Health Services on Hospitalization Rates in Virginia (with MaGuadalupe Leon-Verdin, Elizabeth Lloyd McGarvey & Tanya Nicole Wanchek), 62 Psychiatric Services 194–199 (2011).
Howard Zonana and the Transformation of Forensic Psychiatry, 38 Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law 570–576 (2010).
Should a Personality Disorder Qualify as a Mental Disease in Insanity Adjudication?, 38 Journal of Law, Medicine, & Ethics 760–763 (2010).
The Virtues of Pragmatism in Drug Policy, 13 Journal of Health Care Law & Policy 7–30 (2010).
An Account of Collective Actions in Public Health (with Gil Siegal & Neomi Siegal), 99 American Journal of Public Health 1583–1587 (2009).
Mental Health System Transformation after the Virginia Tech Tragedy (with Phillip Hamilton, Elizabeth L. McGarvey & James S. Reinhard), 28 Health Affairs 793–804 (2009).
Responding to Requests from Adult Patients for Neuroenhancements: Guidance of the Ethics, Law and Humanities Committee (with Daniel Larriviere, Matt Rizzo & Michael A. WIlliams), 73 Neurology 1406–1412 (2009).
Understanding and Applying Virginia’s New Statutory Civil Commitment Criteria (with Bruce J. Cohen & John T. Monahan), 28 Developments in Mental Health Law 127–139 (2009).
Legal Authority to Preserve Organs in Cases of Uncontrolled Cardiac Death: Preserving Family Choice (with Kelly K. Dineen & Stephanie Wright), 36 Journal of Law, Medicine, & Ethics 741–749 (2008).
Identifying the Barriers and Challenges to Voting by Residents of Nursing Homes and Assisted Living Settings (with Paul S. Appelbaum & Jason H. Karlawish), 20 Journal of Aging & Social Policy 65–79 (2007).
Panetti v. Quarterman: Mental Illness, the Death Penalty, and Human Dignity, 5 Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law 257–283 (2007).
Voting by Elderly Persons with Cognitive Impairment: Lessons from Other Democratic Nations (with Jason H. Karlawish), 38 McGeorge Law Review 879–916 (2007).
Closing the Organ Gap: A Reciprocity-Based Social Contract Approach (with Gil Siegal), 34 Journal of Law, Medicine, & Ethics 415–423 (2006).
Judicially Mandated Naltrexone Use by Criminal Offenders: A Legal Analysis, 31 Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 121–127 (2006).
Policy Statement on Voting by Individuals with Dementia Residing in Long-Term Care Facilities (with Paul S. Appelbaum et al.), 2 Alzheimer’s & Dementia 243–245 (2006).
Judicially Mandated Treatment with Naltrexone for Opiate-addicted Criminal Offenders, 13 Virginia Journal of Social Policy & the Law 64–88 (2005).
Mentally Ill Prisoners on Death Row: Unsolved Puzzles for Courts and Legislatures, 54 Catholic University Law Review 1169–1193 (2005).
The Capacity to Vote of Persons with Alzheimer’s Disease (with Paul S. Appelbaum & Jason H. Karlawish), 162 American Journal of Psychiatry 2094–2100 (2005).
License as Leverage: Mandating Treatment for Professionals (with John T. Monahan), 3 International Journal of Forensic Mental Health 131–138 (2004).
License as Leverage: Mandating Treatment for Professionals (with John T. Monahan), 3 International Journal of Forensic Mental Health 131–138 (2004).
Reducing Underage Drinking: The Role of Law, 32 Journal of Law, Medicine, & Ethics 38–41 (2004).
Virginia Human Rights System: Foundation for Respect, 23 Developments in Mental Health Law 11–18 (2004).
Injury as a Field of Public Health: Achievements and Controversies (with Bernard Guyer), 30 Journal of Law, Medicine, & Ethics 267–280 (2002).
Political Abuse of Psychiatry in the Soviet Union and in China: Complexities and Controversies, 30 Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law 136–144 (2002).
Public Health Ethics: Mapping the Terrain (with James E. Childress et al.), 30 Journal of Law, Medicine, & Ethics 170–178 (2002).
Responsibility for Addiction, 30 Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law 405–413 (2002).
The Legal Framework for Shielding (with Ruth Gaare Bernheim & Suzanne E. Spaulding), 4 International Journal of Emergency Mental Health 259–263 (2002).
Mandated Community Treatment: Beyond Outpatient Commitment (with Paul S. Appelbaum et al.), 52 Psychiatric Services 1198–1205 (2001).
Addiction and Responsibility, 68 Social Research 813–834 (2001).
Resource Document on Mandatory Outpatient Treatment (with Renée L. Binder & Joan B. Gerbasi), 28 Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law 127–144 (2000).
Unraveling Soviet Psychiatry (with Svetlana V. Polubinskaya), 10 Journal of Contemporary Legal Issues 279–298 (1999).
Deciding About Death: Physician-Assisted Suicide and the Courts (with others), 61 The Pharos 2–7 (1998).
Medical Ethics and Human Rights in Psychiatric Care, 18 Developments in Mental Health Law 29–38 (1998).
Psychometric Properties of the Macarthur Competence Assessment Tool-Criminal Adjudication (MacCAT-CA) (with John F. Edens et al.), 10 Psychological Assessment 435–443 (1998).
The Competence-Related Abilities of Women Criminal Defendants (with Marlene M. Eisenberg et al.), 26 Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law 215–22 (1998).
The Network of Reformers: A Five-Year Collaboration (with S. Polubinskaya), Mental Health Reforms 9–10 (1998).
The MacArthur Adjudicative Competence Study: Diagnosis, Psychopathology, and Competence-related Abilities (with Marlene M. Eisenberg et al.), 15 Behavioral Sciences & the Law 329–345 (1997).
The MacArthur Adjudicative Competence Study: Development and Validation of a Research Instrument (with Marlene M. Eisenberg et al.), 21 Law & Human Behavior 141–179 (1997).
The MacArthur Adjudicative Competence Study: A Comparison of Criteria for Assessing the Competence of Criminal Defendants (with Marlene M. Eisenberg et al.), 25 Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law 249–259 (1997).
Decision-Making in Criminal Defense: An Empirical Study of Insanity Pleas and the Impact of Doubted Client Competence  (with Marlene M. Eisenberg et al.), 87 Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology 48–62 (1996).
Integrating Supply and Demand Reduction Strategies for Drug Abuse Prevention (with Mary Ann Pentz & Donald R. Shopland), 39 American Behavioral Scientist 897–910 (1996).
Mentally Ill and Non-Mentally Ill Defendants’ Abilities to Understand Information Relevant to Adjudication: A Preliminary Study (with Marlene M. Eisenberg et al.), 24 Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry & the Law 187–197 (1996).
New Code of Ethics for Russian Psychiatrists (with Svetlana Polubinskaya), 117 Bulletin of Medical Ethics 13–19 (1996).
The Code of Professional Ethics of the Russian Society of Psychiatrists: Text and Commentary (with Svetlana V. Polubinskaya), 19 International Journal of Law & Psychiatry 143–172 (1996).
Legalization of Physician-Assisted Suicide in Oregon: Analysis and Assessment (with Courtney Campbell, John Fletcher & Carlos Gomez), 2 BioLaw 49–63 (1995).
Excusing and Punishing in Criminal Adjudication: A Reality Check, 5 Cornell Journal of Law & Public Policy 1–17 (1995).
From the Institute of Medicine: Growing Up Tobacco Free (with Barbara S. Lynch & Paul R. Torrens), 273 JAMA 1326 (1995).
Client Abilities to Assist Counsel and Make Decisions in Criminal Cases: Findings from Three Studies (with Steven K. Hoge, John T. Monahan & Norman Poythress), 18 Law & Human Behavior 427–435 (1994).
The Evolution of the 1992 Law of the Russian Federation on Psychiatric Care, 27 Journal of Russian & East European Psychology 69 (1994).
The Competence of Criminal Defendants: Beyond Dusky and Drope, 47 University of Miami Law Review 539–601 (1993).
America’s Drug Policy: Time for Another Commission?, 19 Contemporary Drug Problems 395–408 (1992).
Attorney-Client Decision-Making in Criminal Cases: Client Competence and Participation as Perceived by Their Attorneys (with Steven K. Hoge, John T. Monahan & Norman Poythress), 10 Behavioral Sciences & the Law 385–394 (1992).
Driving Performance and Automobile Accidents in Patients with Sleep Apnea (with Larry J. Findley & Michael P. Levinson), 13 Clinics in Chest Medicine 427–435 (1992).
The Competence of Criminal Defendants: A Theoretical Reformulation, 10 Behavioral Sciences & the Law 291–316 (1992).
Medical Ethics and the Death Penalty, 20 Hastings Center Report 12–18 (1990).
Statutory Approaches to Limiting Psychiatrists’ Liability for Their Patients’ Violent Acts (with Paul S. Appelbaum, Loren H. Roth & Howard Zonana), 146 American Journal of Psychiatry 821–828 (1989).
Professional Liability and the Quality of Mental Health Care, 16 Law, Medicine, and Health Care 229–239 (1988).
The Dignity of the Condemned, 74 Virginia Law Review 1363–1391 (1988).
Debate: Should the Insanity Defense Be Abolished? (with Joel J Finer & Norval Morris), 1 Journal of Law & Health 117–140 (1986).
Regulating Conditions of Alcohol Availability: Possible Effects on Highway Safety, Supplement 10 Journal of Studies on Alcohol 129–143 (1985).
The Efficacy of Law as a Paternalistic Instrument, 33 Nebraska Symposium on Human Motivation 131–211 (1985).
Morality, Equality, and Expertise: Renegotiating the Relationship Between Psychiatry and the Criminal Law, 12 Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry & the Law 5–20 (1984).
Psychiatrists and Capital Sentencing: Risks and Responsibilities in a Unique Legal Setting (with C. Robert Showalter), 12 Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry & the Law 159–167 (1984).
Review of Caplan, The Insanity Defense and the Trial of John W. Hinckley, Jr (reviewing Lincoln Caplan, The Insanity Defense and the Trial of John W. Hinckley, Jr) 70 American Bar Association Journal 100–102 (1984).
The Moral Basis of the Insanity Defense, 69 American Bar Association Journal 194–197 (1983).
Guidelines for the Psychiatric Hospitalization of Minors: Clinical and Legal Considerations (with A. Stone), 139 American Journal of Psychiatry 971–975 (1982).
P. Browning Hoffman, M.D. (1937-1979), 5 International Journal of Law & Psychiatry 3–4 (1982).
The Meaning of "Decriminalization": A Review of the Law, 10 Contemporary Drug Problems 277–289 (1981).
P. Browning Hoffman: The Legacy of an Idealist, 66 Virginia Law Review 397–403 (1980).
Psychiatry and the Death Penalty: Emerging Problems in Virginia, 66 Virginia Law Review 167–189 (1980).
The Role of Mental Health Professionals in the Criminal Process: The Case for Informed Speculation (with Christopher Slobogin), 66 Virginia Law Review 427–522 (1980).
The Spousal Homicide Syndrome (with Virginia Roddy & C. Robert Showalter), 3 International Journal of Law & Psychiatry 117–141 (1980).
The Spousal Homicide Syndrome: Legal Implications (with Virginia Roddy & C. Robert Showalter), 8 Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry & the Law 431–444 (1980).
Decriminalizing the Marijuana User: A Drafter’s Guide, 11 Michigan Journal of Law Reform 3–50 (1977).
Laws and Morals (with Charles H. Whitebread) (reviewing John Kaplan, <em>Marijuana—The New Prohibition</em>) 172 Science Magazine 703–705 (1970).

Reports & Datasets

StatementThe Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act , US Government Print Office 32–37, 174 (2007).
StatementUnderage Drinking: Research and Recommendations , US Government Print Office 7–10, 34 (2003).
StatementElder Justice: Protecting Seniors from Abuse and Neglect , US Government Print Office 15–17; 28 (2002).
StatementNational Commission to Study the Causes of the Demand for Drugs in the United States , US Government Print Office 70–88 (1991).
CommentsImplementation of the Helsinki Accords: Soviet Psychiatric Practices , US Government Print Office 36–39 (1989).
Legal AspectsSymposium on Cocaine: Proceedings , New York State Division of Substance Abuse Services 13–22 (1982).
StatementThe Insanity Defense , US Government Print Office 255–282 (1982).
Decriminalizing the Drug-User: A Comparative View, National Institute on Drug Abuse (1979).
StatementMarijuana Decriminalization , US Government Print Office 109–149 (1975).
StatementMarihuana Research and Legal Controls , US Government Print Office 134–166 (1974).

Op-Eds, Blogs, Shorter Works

Decisions With Patients and Families Regarding Aducanumab in Alzheimer Disease, With Recommendations for Consent: AAN Position Statement (with Winston Chiong, Benjamin David Tolchin & et. al.), 98 Neurology 154–159 (January 25, 2022).
Don’t Abolish the Insanity Defense (with Stephen J. Morse), The Hill (May 18, 2020).
Is There a Right to Delay Determination of Death by Neurologic Criteria? (with Ariane Lewis & Thaddeus Pope), 77 JAMA Neurology 1347–1348 (2020).
Insanity and the Supreme Court (with Stephen J. Morse), Wall Street Journal A17 (October 10, 2019).
Risk Warrants: A New Tool to Prevent Tragic Shootings (with Jeffrey W. Swanson), Richmond Times-Dispatch 13A (March 7, 2018).
It’s Time to Transform Juvenile Justice in Virginia, Roanoke Times B7 (February 18, 2016).
Getting Serious about Reducing Suicide: More "How" and Less "Why" (with Paul S. Appelbaum & Jeffrey W. Swanson), 314 JAMA 2229–2230 (2015).
Don’t Arm People in a Mental Health Crisis (with Paul S. Appelbaum & Jeffrey W. Swanson), The Hill (June 13, 2013).
Advance Directives: A Tool for Reducing Coercion, 63 Psychiatric Services 411 (2012).
Health Care Law Ruling Ignores Settled Law, CNN.com (December 16, 2010).
Don’t Depend on Laws Alone, New York Times (June 17, 2010).
Move Forward on Reform, Richmond Times-Dispatch A15 (December 10, 2008).
Mandated Treatment in the Community for People with Mental Disorders (with John T. Monahan & Marvin S. Swartz), Health Affairs 28–38 (September, 2003).
Semyon Gluzman and the Unraveling of Soviet Psychiatry, 29 Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law 327–329 (2001).
Model Ethical Code for Psychiatrists (with Svetlana V. Polubinskaya), Mental Health Reforms 5–7 (1997).
Ferguson Spectacle Demeaned System, National Law Journal A23-A24 (March 13, 1995).
Time to Up the Ante in the War on Smoking (with Barbara S. Lynch), Issues in Science & Technology 33–37 (1994).
Lorena Bobbitt: "Moral Mistakes" and the Price of Justice, 14 Developments in Mental Health Law 20–23 (1994).
New Currents in Mental Health Law, 13 Developments in Mental Health Law 1–3, 20 (1993).
Medical Ethics and the Death Penalty, 305 British Medical Journal 381–382 (1992).
Soviet Psychiatry and Human Rights, Virginia Law School Report 6–12 (1990).
Alcohol as a Field of Legal Study, 51 Journal of Studies on Alcohol 197–200 (1990).
Duty to Protect and Gun Control: Dr. Appelbaum and Associates Reply (with Paul S. Appelbaum, Loren H. Roth & Howard Zonana), 147 American Journal of Psychiatry 380 (1990).
Indiana Statute on the Duty to Protect: Dr. Appelbaum and Associates Reply (with Paul S. Appelbaum, Loren H. Roth & Howard Zonana), 147 American Journal of Psychiatry 536 (1990).
Interventions for Prenatal Misconduct, 10 Developments in Mental Health Law 21–22, 29 (1990).
Psychiatrists’ Involvement in Lawmaking Regarding the Duty to Protect (with Paul S. Appelbaum, Loren H. Roth & Howard Zonana), 147 American Journal of Psychiatry 127 (1990).
Ask the Experts, Newsletter of the American Academy of Psychiatry & Law 100–101 (December, 1989).
Insanity and the Moral Wrong Test, 14 Newsletter of the American Academy of Psychiatry & Law 100–101 (1989).
Four Comments on United States v. Charters: A Fundamentally Flawed Opinion, 8 Developments in Mental Health Law 17–18 (1988).
Sleep Apnea and Auto Crashes: What Is the Doctor to Do? (with Larry J. Findley), 94 Chest 225–226 (1988).
Ask the Experts (with Jacques M. Quen), Newsletter of the American Academy of Psychiatry & Law 23–24 (September, 1987).
The Death Penalty: Dilemmas for Physicians and Society—A Panel Discussion (with Paul S. Appelbaum, Park Elliott Dietz & Oscar A., Thorup), The Pharos 23–27 (1987).
Wrongfulness and the Insanity Defense, 12 Newsletter of the American Academy of Psychiatry & Law 23–24 (1987).
Mental Disability Law Crosses a New Frontier: A Review of Recent Developments, 6 Developments in Mental Health Law 21–23, 40 (1986).
Brown v. Board of Education: Righting an Unconstitutional Wrong, Virginia Law School Report 18–21 (1985).
Compulsive Gambling and the Insanity Defense: United States v. Torniero and United States v. Lewellyn, Newsletter of the American Academy of Psychiatry & Law 5–8 (April, 1984).
Group Homes and Restrictive Covenants, 4 Developments in Mental Health Law 17–18, 24, 31 (1984).
Concerning the Insanity Defense, Virginia Law School Report 13–16, 41 (1982).
The Insanity Defense: Proposals for Reform, 2 Developments in Mental Health Law 21–22, 28 (1982).
A Survey of Pretrial Psychiatric Evaluations in Richmond, Virginia (with Douglas A. Hastings), 1 Developments in Mental Health Law 9–12 (1981).
Approaches to Legislating Reform, Virginia Law Weekly 1–4 (December 9, 1977).
Loosening the Laws on Marijuana, Washington Post A19 (January 24, 1976).

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