This short review essay on Gerald Leonard and Saul Cornell's The Partisan Republic: Democracy, Exclusion, and the Fall of the Founders' Constitution, 1780s-1830s (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2019), is part of an April 2024 roundtable in Federal History, and focuses on The Partisan Republic's critical assessment of the rise of “white democracy." The essay raises two concerns: first, regarding Leonard and Cornell's assertion that the founders intended to create a republic, not a democracy, and second, whether the politics that resulted from the Jacksonian movement should truly be considered an advance for democracy. Pointing to original evidence from Virginia during the founding period and early republic, the review argues that at least some thinkers saw "republic" and "democracy" as synonymous, and that judicial review was accepted by an important subset of influential early American political leaders long before it became associated with the Marshall Court. 

Citation
Jessica Lowe, Roundtable: The Partisan Republic, 2024 Federal History Journal, 173 (2024).