This chapter discusses the repugnant income generating activities (“RIGA”) of phase I medical research, sex work, and plasma donation. Though each is a robust industry and substantial source of income and professional identity for many providers, significant debate surrounds whether participants in these industries are engaged in work, despite the subjective attitudes of participants themselves and objective similarities to other jobs. I show that repugnant work differs less from other work on nearly every relevant metric than is conventionally assumed and that this recognition carries social, legal, and economic consequences. The most thoughtful RIGA-as-work skeptics recognize this, urging a reevaluation of other jobs, or even work more generally. But the disproportionate focus on RIGA, as compared to other forms of work, and the continued invocation of false distinctions between RIGA and other jobs suggests that this attitude has yet to gain widespread acceptance.

Citation
Kimberly D. Krawiec, Repugnant Work, in The Oxford Handbook of the Philosophy of Work, Oxford University Press (2026).